8 things to know about caring for these prickly pets

By Kim Campbell Thornton

Andrews McMeel Syndication

Hedgehogs are crazy cute. That's probably the main reason people get them as pets. And they are unique. It's not everyone who can say that his roommate is an African pygmy hedgehog.

"They're just cool," says veterinarian Scott Weldy of Serrano Animal and Bird Hospital in Lake Forest, California, who keeps two hedgehogs. He says it's fun to watch and interact with them, especially when they roll over to show their cute bellies and tiny feet.

Not surprisingly, though, these bristly little critters have some special needs. Read on to see if a hedgehog is a good match for you.

-- Hedgehogs are not always legal pets. In California, for instance, only people with permits can keep them. Other states and some cities have similar laws. Check before you buy. That said, even if you own one illegally, don't hesitate to take him to the veterinarian for care. In all likelihood, your veterinarian is not required to turn you in or to confiscate your pet.

-- Hedgehogs are insectivores. Dr. Weldy recommends feeding a commercial insectivore diet rather than trying to come up with a homemade diet of mealworms.

-- Hedgehogs like warmth. It's important not to let them get cold, so keep your hedgehog indoors.

-- Hedgehogs need socialization. Handle your hedgehog frequently so you don't find yourself caring for a living pincushion. A hedgehog doesn't have good eyesight, so let him sniff you before you pick him up so he knows who you are.

Another reason for handling a hedgehog on a regular basis is to make it easy for your veterinarian to examine him. If he curls up in a ball every time he's touched, your veterinarian will have to administer gas anesthesia to get him to relax enough for an exam, which increases the cost of the exam.

-- Hedgehogs are nocturnal. That makes them good pets for people who work during the day or school-age kids. They are usually less cranky than hamsters if awakened during the day, however.

"If you gently wake them up and give them a few minutes, they'll start moving around," Dr. Weldy says. "They're very food-oriented, so if you show them food, kids coming home from school can play with them until they go to bed."

-- Hedgehogs are notorious for developing tumors.

"When people come in with a sick hedgehog, that's the first thing on the list," Dr. Weldy says, "and usually the people are bringing them in on the downhill side of the disease. The spines make them look big all the time, so if you don't touch them, weigh them or get them to relax so you can palpate them, you would never know. You have to be really vigilant."

The best way to monitor your hedgehog's condition is to weigh him weekly on a kitchen scale and mark his weight on the calendar. That makes it easy to see any patterns of weight gain or loss that might indicate a health problem. You should also take your hedgehog to the veterinarian right away if he's eating or pooping less than normal.

-- Hedgehogs may also have dental problems. They can develop bone infections from infected teeth and soft-tissue tumors in their mouths. You can't really brush their teeth, but your veterinarian can perform dental cleanings just as she would on a dog, cat or ferret, as well as remove rotten teeth.

-- When buying a hedgehog, pick him up and hold him to make sure he's friendly. Go to see the hedgehog in the evening when he'll be active to get the best idea of his personality. Ask to watch him eat. Buy from someone who keeps the animals in a clean environment.

Q&A

Stiff kitty may

have arthritis

Q: My cat seems to move more slowly these days, and it looks like he's having some trouble getting in and out of his litter box. Could he have arthritis?

A: We do tend to think of cats as being the ultimate yoga masters, but they have joints, and those joints can become inflamed with age. Studies have shown that 90% of cats 10 years of age and older are likely to show signs of arthritis on radiographs (X-rays).

Because cats are so good at hiding physical problems from us, the signs of arthritis can be subtle. For instance, some cats start peeing or pooping outside the litter box because it's not so easy to climb in and out of it, as you noticed. That's often misidentified as a behavior problem instead of a pain-management issue.

Your cat may not jump as high or may prefer to stay on the floor instead of sleeping on the bed with you. He may be unable to groom himself as well as he used to, or you may notice that he shies away from being petted.

Here are some things you and your veterinarian can try to help him feel more comfortable: nutraceuticals such as glucosamine and chondroitin (Cosequin) may offer some relief. An injectable medication called Adequan seems to help as well. If your cat is overweight, talk to your veterinarian about implementing a diet and weight loss plan. Taking off some pounds will relieve pressure on his joints. Acupuncture may also be beneficial.

Environmental changes you can make include providing steps so the cat can more easily get on the sofa or bed, cutting an opening into the litter box so he can walk in and out, and providing a heated bed to soothe achy joints.

Be patient. Cats often respond better to pain therapy than dogs, but it can take four to six weeks before you start to see results. -- Dr. Marty Becker

Do you have a pet question? Send it to askpetconnection@gmail.com or visit Facebook.com/DrMartyBecker.

THE BUZZ

Cats’ eyes made for

nocturnal hunting

-- A cat's eyes adjust to different lighting conditions. Having eyes that reduce the pupils to slits rather than tiny circles gives the cat greater and more accurate control in different types of lighting; this ability is particularly important in bright sunlight. This adaptation sets domestic cats apart from their relatives the lions, which hunt by day instead of night. A lion's pupils -- like ours -- contract to tiny circles, not vertical slits.

-- Persistent gastrointestinal problems in dogs may be a sign of a type of inflammatory bowel disease called lymphocytic plasmacytic enteritis. A change in food to a more digestible diet brings a good response in up to 80% of dogs with the disease, but the optimal way to manage dogs with this disease is still unknown. A study at Cornell University Hospital for Animals is seeking answers, testing dogs’ responses to different diets. Curiously, after three months, nearly all the dogs, whether they are eating test or placebo diets, have had good responses. Researchers are continuing to analyze the dogs’ gut microbiome and metabolism with the hope of improving diagnosis and therapy. Sometimes, maybe, change is good all on its own.

-- Kentucky has joined the rest of the country in allowing veterinarians to report animal abuse. A new law lifts restrictions preventing veterinarians from notifying authorities of suspected animal abuse. Previously, Kentucky was the only state that explicitly prohibited veterinarians from alerting authorities to potential animal abuse, which often occurs in tandem with child or domestic abuse. The signing of Senate Bill 21 by Gov. Andy Beshear is a significant step forward for the state, according to the Animal Legal Defense Fund. -- Kim Campbell Thornton

ABOUT PET CONNECTION

Pet Connection is produced by a team of pet care experts headed by “The Dr. Oz Show” veterinarian Dr. Marty Becker, founder of the Fear Free organization and author of many best-selling pet care books, and award-winning journalist Kim Campbell Thornton. Joining them is behavior consultant and lead animal trainer for Fear Free Pets Mikkel Becker. Dr. Becker can be found at Facebook.com/DrMartyBecker or on Twitter at DrMartyBecker. Kim Campbell Thornton is at Facebook.com/KimCampbellThornton and on Twitter at kkcthornton. Mikkel Becker is at Facebook.com/MikkelBecker and on Twitter at MikkelBecker.

How to help dogs keep their footing when age or illness are bringing them down

By Kim Campbell Thornton

Andrews McMeel Syndication

In the last few months, my dog Keeper, who is about 11 years old, has developed a wobbly rear end as a result of neurological condition. He slips and slides on our wood floors, goes splat on the tile as he leans over to drink out of his water bowl, and often falls to the side as he sways his way up the pet steps to the sofa, his favored resting spot. Sometimes he has problems scrambling back up when he slides into frog-dog position.

Because of his age and various heart and intestinal issues, Keeper is not the best candidate for surgery, so we’re working on improving his environment to make it easier for him to get around.

It’s all too easy for dogs with arthritis, hip dysplasia or neurological problems to injure themselves in a fall. You may find these tips useful if you have a senior dog with mobility issues or one with a shoulder or other orthopedic injury.

Throw rugs rule. We have several large area rugs as well as half a dozen or so throw rugs throughout the house. Nonskid throw rugs are great in homes with golden-age dogs who may become incontinent because of kidney disease or as a side effect of heart medication, to name just a couple of potential causes. But with Keeper’s new difficulty in getting around, we needed more. I went to HomeGoods and purchased five. When the checker commented that it looked as though I had bought out the store, I told her they were to help our older dog get around more easily. “I always say I want to come back as a California dog,” she said. My husband laid them out along Keeper’s most frequent pathways: to the kitchen, to the bedroom and to the “man cave” that he and my husband share. Yoga matting can be cut to size and is a popular and less expensive alternative to throw rugs. Both are easily cleaned.

Get a grip. We also purchased some nonslip rubber “grips” that fit over a dog’s toenails to help prevent falls and improve traction. He’s worn them for only a couple of days so far, but they seem to give him a little help on the slick floor. With a little more use, he may develop better ability to get around. A plus is that he doesn’t seem to notice that he’s wearing them, so he’s not biting at them or otherwise trying to remove them.

Options we haven’t tried yet are nonskid pads that adhere to the bottom of the paw, dog socks with nonskid bottoms and paw-grip sprays or balms that are meant to help improve traction on slick floors. Based on reviews, these items work great for some dogs, not so much for others. We’ve tried socks or booties on previous dogs, and they never stayed on, but for dogs who don’t mind them, they can work well. Some people wrap the paws in self-adhering fabric bandages such as Vet Wrap.

Paw-grip sprays get mixed reviews. For dogs with furry paws, such as spaniels, it may be necessary to reapply the spray frequently or to trim the fur on the bottom of the pads for best results. Simply trimming that fur can also help to improve traction.

Sometimes a ramp may work better than steps. We haven’t acquired one yet, but I think it might be easier for Keeper to navigate than his pet stairs because it’s difficult for him to lift his hind legs. He’d still run the risk of falling off when his rear wobbles, though. Most often, we lift him up or stand behind him as he walks up the steps so we can head off any falls.

The next step, if he becomes weaker, may be a canine cart, or wheelchair, but for now he seems to be doing well in his new nonskid environment.

Q&A

Natural or not?

What to consider

Q: I’m interested in natural and alternative therapies for my pet. Which ones really work?

A: Complementary, or alternative, therapies often play a role in veterinary medicine these days. A lot of veterinarians combine traditional veterinary care with other modalities that include herbal medicine, nutritional supplements, low-level laser, acupuncture and massage. Some of these treatments and techniques are backed by science, while others haven’t yet undergone rigorous study.

Some complementary therapies are used for pain relief. As a backup to NSAIDs or other analgesics, a veterinarian might recommend cold laser therapy, acupuncture and nutritional supplements such as glucosamine-chondroitin and omega-3 fatty acids. They may be beneficial for pets with joint problems or cats with pain from cystitis. There’s a lack of controlled, double-blind studies that positively demonstrate the effectiveness of nutraceuticals for these types of pain, but anecdotally, a number of veterinarians and pet parents have found them to be helpful for some animals.

Animals with liver disease may be prescribed an herbal remedy called milk thistle. Randomized controlled studies have shown that it has some positive effects in helping to support the liver.

Cranberry is often suggested for pets with bladder infections. It appears to work by keeping bacteria in the urine from being able to attach to the bladder wall.

Not every complementary therapy works for everything. For instance, acupuncture doesn’t appear to have an appreciable effect on animals with allergies. And therapies that are safe for dogs may not always be safe for cats. Work with a veterinarian who has a thorough grounding in integrative medicine.

Most important, remember that just because something is natural doesn’t mean it’s safe. Herbal remedies, for instance, can interact with other medications your pet takes, so it’s essential for you and your veterinarian to communicate about what your pet is taking. -- Dr. Marty Becker

Do you have a pet question? Send it to askpetconnection@gmail.com or visit Facebook.com/DrMartyBecker.

THE BUZZ

Hamster species

faces extinction

-- BBC News reports that European hamsters have been added to the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s list of critically endangered animals. These larger relatives of Syrian or dwarf hamsters are found in the Alsace region of France, Germany and throughout Eastern Europe. In those areas, their numbers have dropped by up to 75% because of fewer births. Possible causes of the population reduction -- from approximately 20 babies per year to only five or six -- include such influences on habitat as climate change, industrial development and light pollution. Unless their numbers can be turned around, the little animals face extinction in as little as 30 years.

-- Bee health -- it’s a thing. Did you know that bees need veterinarians? That’s right. Bees are an important part of global food safety and security because of their role as key crop pollinators, so their health is paramount. Backyard and commercial beekeepers must deal with diseases bees face and the possible development of antimicrobial resistance. Veterinarians can help, and they are now required to as a result of a 2017 federal rule requiring beekeepers to work with veterinarians when it comes to administering antimicrobial medications. The goal is to help reduce the risk that antimicrobials will become ineffective in treating bees.

-- Have you been taking dog training classes virtually since COVID-19 shut down many in-person classes? According to an article by Linda Lombardi at Fear Free Pets (fearfreepets.com/taking-dog-training-business-online), trainers are taking their classes online and finding that it has a number of benefits for themselves, owners and dogs, too. Advantages include fewer distractions, more personalized attention, greater safety for trainers working with aggressive dogs, more convenient scheduling, less time spent commuting to and from class and options for shorter classes or single classes. -- Dr. Marty Becker, Kim Campbell Thornton and Mikkel Becker

ABOUT PET CONNECTION

Pet Connection is produced by a team of pet care experts headed by “The Dr. Oz Show” veterinarian Dr. Marty Becker, founder of the Fear Free organization and author of many best-selling pet care books, and award-winning journalist Kim Campbell Thornton. Joining them is behavior consultant and lead animal trainer for Fear Free Pets Mikkel Becker. Dr. Becker can be found at Facebook.com/DrMartyBecker or on Twitter at DrMartyBecker. Kim Campbell Thornton is at Facebook.com/KimCampbellThornton and on Twitter at kkcthornton. Mikkel Becker is at Facebook.com/MikkelBecker and on Twitter at MikkelBecker.

7 of the best dog and cat books to read this summer

By Kim Campbell Thornton

Andrews McMeel Syndication

You’ve created a sourdough starter and baked bread until you don’t have any more friends to give loaves to. You’ve planted a garden. You’ve learned how to knit. You’ve binged “Aggretsuko,” “Bodyguard” and “Chef’s Table.” You’ve watched “Hamilton” three times. Isn’t it time you settled down with a great book? Here’s what to read, whether your jam is mysteries, cats, photography or dogs of war.

Most military working dogs, aka combat assault dogs, remain anonymous throughout their careers, but one broke out from the pack after participating in a high-level operation. Millions know the name of Cairo, the Belgian Malinois who took part in SEAL Team Operation Neptune Spear, which ended in the death of terrorist Osama bin Laden in 2011. In “No Ordinary Dog: My Partner From the SEAL Teams to the Bin Laden Raid” (St. Martin’s Press), Cairo’s handler Will Chesney and writer Joe Layden tell the story of Chesney and Cairo’s training and careers -- as well as their love story. (Let’s call it what it is.) The action-packed tale begins with Chesney’s journey to become a SEAL, how his love of dogs led him to a role as a handler when dogs began to become valued SEAL Team members, their perilous work in Afghanistan, and how injuries separated them and brought them back together. No one should miss this story, so for kids there is “Warrior Dog: The True Story of a Navy SEAL and His Fearless Canine Partner,” adapted for young readers.

Mystery writer Laurien Berenson continues her Melanie Travis series with “Game of Dog Bones” (Kensington Books), in which the standard poodle owner/schoolteacher and her family head to New York City to watch poodle maven Aunt Peg achieve the dream of a lifetime: judging the Non-Sporting Group at Westminster. But the occasion is marred afterward when Aunt Peg’s nemesis, Victor Durbin, is found dead. Turns out he had a lot of enemies, for a number of good reasons. Travis seeks to nose out the killer before Aunt Peg is charged with Durbin’s murder.

I’ve long thought of myself as a terrible photographer. I took an incomplete in the subject in my college journalism program, and only the advent of smartphones improved my ability to take good pictures -- I even won an award with one of them! But thanks to Andrew Marttila’s new book “How to Take Awesome Photos of Cats” (Running Press Adult), I think I could finally advance from halfway decent snapshots of my pets with a phone camera to actually being able to operate a digital SLR and get great animal shots, both at home and on trips. Even if you’re not that interested in photography, you’ll enjoy the photos of adorable kittens and cats, but if you really want to take better pictures of your cats, this fun and practical guide will show you how.

Cat lovers will also want to check out three more books about their favorite four-footers. “Catlady: A Love Letter to Women and Their Cats” (Prestel), by Leah Reena Goren, features illustrated essays illuminating the ways cats have influenced the lives or careers of women, the friendships between women and cats, and how cats help make a home.

In “Decoding Your Cat” (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt), veterinary behaviorists have pulled together a guide to why cats do the things they do -- with information that may surprise and educate even those who consider themselves cat experts.

The third edition of “Cats for Dummies” (For Dummies) by Gina Spadafori, Dr. Lauren Demos and Dr. Paul Pion updates a classic with a new chapter on enrichment for indoor cats, including information on catios; a new chapter on helping community cats, including kitten fostering; and all new and updated medical material.

Finally, in “One Hundred Dogs and Counting: One Woman, Ten Thousand Miles and a Journey into the Heart of Shelters and Rescues” (Pegasus Books), Cara Sue Achterberg goes on an inspiring road trip to rural shelters and rescues seeking an answer to the unending stream of foster dogs that come to her door.

Q&A

Ear mites affect

dogs and cats

Q: Do dogs get ear mites? How are they treated?

A: We tend to associate ear mites with cats, but dogs (and ferrets) can and do get them, especially as puppies. Ear mites (Otodectes cynotis) are tiny parasites that are highly contagious and easily transmitted from animal to animal. Luckily, humans don’t get them.

The classic sign -- besides frantic scratching at the ears or shaking of the head -- is an accumulation of dark, waxy debris that resembles coffee grounds inside the ears. The ear canals may look red or inflamed. If ear mites are left to do their itchy work -- feeding on epidermal skin cells -- without treatment, pets can develop raw skin or hair loss around the ears, often complicated by a bacterial infection.

If you had a pet with ear mites back in the bad old days, you might remember having to put drops in the ears daily for a month to get rid of them. You’d have also done the same for all the other dogs and cats in the household to prevent the mites from jumping ship to another host -- or moving to another part of the body, such as the base of the tail, until it was safe for them to recolonize the ear. Nowadays we typically give the ears a good cleaning out, and treat puppies or kittens who are old enough with a topical systemic antiparasite medication such as those used against heartworms, fleas or ticks. While some of these products might not be labeled for mites, they are known to have off-label efficacy against them.

So the good news is that ear mites are much easier to treat than they used to be; the bad news is that it’s still a must to treat all the pets in the household to prevent their spread. -- Dr. Marty Becker

Do you have a pet question? Send it to askpetconnection@gmail.com or visit Facebook.com/DrMartyBecker.

THE BUZZ

Check cans for

cat food recall

-- If your cat eats Natural Balance Ultra Premium Chicken & Liver Pate Formula canned food, check the bottom of the can to see if it belongs to a recently recalled lot that contained elevated levels of choline chloride. Look for the retail UPC code 2363353227, lot code 9217803 and best-by date of Aug. 4, 2021. If you have any cans matching these descriptions, stop feeding the food and return remaining cans to the seller for a refund. Health concerns associated with excess choline chloride (a vitaminlike substance) include nausea, drooling, diarrhea, vomiting and more severe signs such as tremors, irregular heartbeat and difficulty breathing. To report adverse reactions, call 888-569-6828 or email info@naturalbalanceinc.com.

-- There are four Belgian herding breeds. You may be familiar with the Tervuren, the Malinois and the sheepdog, but the fourth and rarest member of the family, the Laekenois (“lak-in-wah”), is gaining recognition in the United States. The medium-size dog has prick ears; a wiry coat in red, fawn or gray; and a protective, devoted nature. Laekenois are highly active and smart. They weigh 45 to 65 pounds and typically live 10 to 12 years.

-- Florida pets can now be protected under restraining orders in domestic violence cases. In one study, as many as 71% of female pet owners reported that their abuser threatened, harmed or killed a family pet. Judges can grant temporary exclusive possession of a pet to the person requesting a protective order. Abusers can be ordered to stay away from animals named in protective orders and can be criminally charged if they disobey. Thirty-five states, plus Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico, offer pets this protection. States with no pet protections are Alabama, Delaware, Georgia, Idaho, Kansas, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, South Dakota and Utah. -- Dr. Marty Becker, Kim Campbell Thornton and Mikkel Becker

ABOUT PET CONNECTION

Pet Connection is produced by a team of pet care experts headed by “The Dr. Oz Show” veterinarian Dr. Marty Becker, founder of the Fear Free organization and author of many best-selling pet care books, and award-winning journalist Kim Campbell Thornton. Joining them is behavior consultant and lead animal trainer for Fear Free Pets Mikkel Becker. Dr. Becker can be found at Facebook.com/DrMartyBecker or on Twitter at DrMartyBecker. Kim Campbell Thornton is at Facebook.com/KimCampbellThornton and on Twitter at kkcthornton. Mikkel Becker is at Facebook.com/MikkelBecker and on Twitter at MikkelBecker.